The Impact of the Leadership Style of the Four Caliphates on the Politics of Islam in Contemporary Time

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Daniel Rutegibigeni

Abstract

This article is about “The Impact of the Leadership Style of the Four Caliphates on the Politics of Islam in Contemporary Time”. The article investigates the historical development of the four Caliphs and caliphates in the early Muslim community, during their reign of Caliphates. The study explores into the different   leadership styles of the four caliphs, in managing the community safely and peacefully. Highlighting the impact of the leadership styles of the four Caliphs on the politics of Islam and their effects on the leadership in Muslim communities, whose resonances still resounds in the contemporary times. These effects remain patterned in the leadership styles of some Muslim leaders in Africa today. Adaptation and synthesis, conservative and fundamentalism are the leadership styles of the Caliphs during their reign. In their leadership, they promoted democracy, good governance, and centralization of the power and standardization of the Qur’an, consultations, fairness, justice, accountability, transparency and established the administrative structures in Muslim empire. Their leadership styles have a connection with autocratic, democratic and delegating as the conventional leadership styles. The impact of leadership styles of four Caliphs resonate in the contemporary politics of Islam. These influences are in different African Islamic countries. The article aims to bridge the academic gap by examining the effects that influence the current politics of Islam including the African context. The article adopts a literature-based approach, relies completely on library sources in collecting the data, conducting an inclusive review of academic works, books and journals or articles. This approach aims to collect insights from historical development of Caliphs, and their leadership styles. It also aims to amass comparative perceptions and contribute to a systematic exploration and analysis of the subject issue.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Rutegibigeni , D. . (2025). The Impact of the Leadership Style of the Four Caliphates on the Politics of Islam in Contemporary Time. African Multidisciplinary Journal of Research, 9(2), 43–68. https://doi.org/10.71064/spu.amjr.9.2.316

References

  1. Abbasi, M. U. R. (2022). IRJIS Institutional Building in the Era of Hazrat Umar (R. Muslim Community), National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan.
  2. Al-Anani, K. (2021). An Old, Ongoing Struggle: Domesticating Religious Institutions in Egypt.
  3. Alcaro, R. (2014). The Libya-Mali Axis: Spreading Instability across the Sahel and the Horn of Africa, Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) (2014).
  4. Alim. (2024). Economic resources of the State:Economic Policies of Uthman. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.alim.org/history/khalifa-uthman/economic-policies-of-uthman/.
  5. Amini et al. (2014). The West and Islam Perspective of Leadership (Vol. 18), International Affairs and Global Strategy.
  6. Arabian tongue Newsletter. (2023). Who Was Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq?
  7. Ayoub, M. M. (2009). The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam.
  8. Manchester, UK: One world Oxford.
  9. Bhargavi, S. & Yaseen, A. (2016). Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance (Vol.4).
  10. Bennett, C. (2008). Religious Studies: Understanding Christian-Muslim Relations, Past and Present. New York, USA: Bloomsbury.
  11. Choueiri, Y. M. (1997). Islamic Fundamentalism (Ed. ed.). London and Washington: Printer, London and Washington.
  12. Cimini, G. & Alonso B. T. (2021). Rethinking Islamist politics in North Africa: a multi-level analysis of domestic, regional and international dynamics. Routledge.
  13. Donohue, J. J. & Esposito J. L. (1982). Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
  14. Esposito, J. L. (1999). The Oxford History of Islam (Ed. ed.). New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
  15. Gultekin, H. (2024). Abu Bakr: The Man & Wise Leader (Part 2). His leadership.
  16. Guraya, M. Y. (1972). Judicial Principles as Enunciated by Caliph 'Umar I (Vol 11), Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
  17. Halm, H. (1991). SHIISM. Edinburgh, Germany: Edinburgh University Press.
  18. Hassan, Y. (2022). The Evolution of the Sudanese Authoritarian State: The December Uprising and the Unravelling of a 'Persistent' Autocracy. Edinburgh University Press.
  19. Humphreys, S. (1991). Islamic History. London, Britain: I.B. Tauris & CO LTD Publishers.
  20. Hussain. (2023, October 3). Islamic Leadership: Lessons from Caliphs. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://surahfajr.com/islamic-leadership-lessons-from-caliphs/.
  21. Ibadullaeva, G. (2024). Comparing Islamic and Western perspectives on leadership, Routledge
  22. International Journal of Management and Human Science. (2019). Crisis management during the reign of the caliph Abu-Baker Al-Sidik and how it can be utilized to solve contemporary issues (Vol.3). Lincoln University College.
  23. Iqbal, M. Z. (2017, September). Justice System During Early Khilafat. Retrieved March 26, 2024, from https://muslimsunrise.com/2017/09/30/justice-system-during-early-khilafat/.
  24. Khalid, M. & Arif, K. M. (2021). Administration and Reforms in the Period of Hazrat Umar: Analytical View. Riphah International Univers;ity.
  25. Machatschke, R. (1995). The Basics: Islam. London, Great Britain: SCM PRESS LTD, Trinity Press International.
  26. Maqsood, R. W. (2010). Islam: An Introduction. London, British: British Library cataloguing.
  27. McCarthy, R. (2018). When Islamists Lose, Middle East Journal, Summer 2018, Vol. 72. Middle East Institute.
  28. Meddeb, H. (2029). Report Part Title: Ennahda’s Journey From Preaching to Politics, Report Title: Ennahdaʹs Uneasy Exit From Political Islam: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2019).
  29. Momen, M. (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. New York, USA: Yale University Press, Nwe Haven and London.
  30. Najeebabadi et al. (1922). The History of Islam (Vol.1). New York, USA.
  31. Nnamani et al. (2021). The Shia Sect Question and the Prospect of Nigeria-Iran Bilateral Relations, Common Ground, Researchgate.
  32. Nisar, T. (2017). Transactional Leadership and Organizational Creativity: Explaining the Mediating role of knowledge, Cogent Business and Management.
  33. Pay, S. (2015). The Journey of Caliphate from 632 to 1924 (Vol 1). Uludağ University, Bursa.
  34. Quraishy, M.A (1987). Test Book of Islam: Book I. Nairobi, Kenya: Islamic Foundation Nairobi.
  35. Raihan, M. S. (2020). An Assignment on"The Relevance of Historical Thinkers to Modern Administration and Governance: Lessons from Kautilya, Plato, Ali Ibn Abu Talib, and Atis Dipankar”, Classics in Governance and Public Administration, University of Barishal.
  36. Reynolds, G. S. (2012). The emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective. USA: Fortress Press, Minneapolis.
  37. Rifai et al. (2023). Politics and Conflict during the Reign of Caliph ‘Uthman ibn Affan 644-656. Tunisia: University of Ez-Zitouna.
  38. Shabeeh, A. (2023, June 12). Leadership Lessons from Umar Ibn al-Khattab: Inspiring Entrepreneurs, Leaders, and Politicians to Build a Just and Visionary Future. Retrieved March 26, 2024, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/leadership-lessons-from-umar-ibn-al-khattab- inspiring-shabeeh-ali.
  39. Urban, J. C. (2013). Contemporary Salafism and the Rightly Guided Caliphate: Why is It Emulated and What Was Its Reality? Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
  40. Voll, J. O. (1980). Current History: The Islamic Past and the Present Resurgence, University of California Press.
  41. Warraq, I. (2017). The Islam in Islamic Terrorism: the important of belief, ideas and ideology. London, England : New English Review Press.
  42. Watt, W. M. (1985). Islamic Philosophy and Theology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh at the University Press.