The Digital Doorway: Technology Access and Digital Literacy as Determinants of Youth Participation in the Gig Economy in Embakasi Sub- County, Nairobi County, Kenya

Abstract

This study investigated how technology access and digital literacy determine youth participation in the gig economy in Embakasi Sub-County, Nairobi City County, Kenya. Employing a cross-sectional mixed-methods research design, the study utilized the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as its theoretical framework. Quantitative data were collected from 315 randomly selected respondents, supplemented by qualitative insights from nine key informants. A combination of cluster sampling and simple random sampling was used to select survey participants. Four constituencies within Embakasi Sub-County (Embakasi East, Embakasi West, Embakasi Central, and Embakasi South) served as primary clusters, further grouped into nineteen wards. Key findings revealed that while 92.1% of gig workers reported reliable internet access, primarily via mobile data (48.6%), a significant portion (52.1%) perceived their current technology as limiting. Technical difficulties frequently impacted gig opportunities (64.4%), and 79.7% believed better technology would increase earnings, leading 71.1% to invest in gig-specific technology. Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations between gig participation and education level, marital status, age, training, and specific skills (managerial, creative, technical). Interestingly, perceived freedom and flexibility were not statistically significant motivators for sustained participation. The study recommends subsidized internet, accessible device financing, and comprehensive digital literacy programs integrated into education. Furthermore, it suggests tailored skills training focusing on high-demand areas and life skills, improved digital infrastructure, and awareness campaigns on technology investment to enhance earnings. Collaborative efforts for accessible technical support are also advised to reduce missed opportunities.