Missionary Interactions with Cultural Issues on Marriage among the Nandi of Kenya
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
The missionary interactions with the Nandi people is an encounter of distinct, distant and powerfully dynamic cultural issues. These dynamics play out amid concerns of biases, conflicts, and concessions in marital rites and practices among Nandi Christians from the inception of Christianity in the missionary era, to modern Nandi Christianity today. In a descriptive and comparative survey, marriage dynamics among Nandi Christians from the colonial /missionary era to the present day are explored through a qualitative study of both primary and secondary data, which reveal that Christian missionary approaches and strategies conflicted with the dominant traditional Nandi marital, cultural values which the Nandi Christians continue to uphold. The observation is that the future of Nandi Christian marriage lies in a combined approach to Nandi practices and Christian practices on marriage, by blending and accommodating the positive relevant Nandi pro-family communal values and Christian practices that can be expressed within Nandi Christian marriage without sliding into syncretism.
Keywords: Nandi, Culture, Marriage, Polygamy, Missionaries, Christian
Keywords: Nandi, Culture, Marriage, Polygamy, Missionaries, Christian
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
How to Cite
Kobimbo, M. M. (2022). Missionary Interactions with Cultural Issues on Marriage among the Nandi of Kenya. African Multidisciplinary Journal of Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.71064/spu.amjr.4.1.53
References
- Adamo, D. T., 2011. Christianity and the African traditional religion(s): The postcolonial round of engagement. Verbum et Ecclesia, pp. 1-10.
- Adventists-Secretariat, G. C. o. S.-d., 2010. SDA Chuarch Manual. Maryland: Review & Herald Publishing Association.
- Baur, J., 2009. 2000 Years of Christianity in Africa. Nairobi: Pauline Publications Africa.
- Baur & Burgman , 1990. The Catholic Church in Kenya: A Centenary History. Nairobi: St. Paul Publications-Africa.
- Bediako, K., 1992. Theology and Identity: The Impact of Culture upon Christian Thought in the Second Century and in Modern Africa. Oxford: Regnum.
- Bitok, J., 2013. Nandi Marital Practices [Interview] (3 8 2013).
- Chang‟ach, J. K., 2012. The Survival of the Customary Matrimonial Law among the Nandi of Kenya in the Changing Times. Global Journal of History and Culture, 1(1), pp. 001-006.
- Comaroff, J. a. J., 1991. Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Conference, C. I. o. t. w. M., 1910. The Church in Mission Field, London: Edinburgh.
- Dacanáy, A. N., 2000. Canon Law on Marriage: Introductory Notes. Manila: Ateneo University Press.
- Gehman, R. J., 2004. The Africa Inland Mission: Aspects of its Early History. African Journal of Evangelical Theology, 23(2), pp. 115-144.
- Hastings, A., 1966. Christianity and African Cultures. New Black friars, pp. 127-136.
- Hastings, A., 1976. African Christianity. New York: Seabury Press.
- Hastings, A., 1979. A History of African Christianity from 1950–1975, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Heally & Sybertz, 1996. Towards an African Narrative Theology. Nairobi: Pauline Publications Africa.
- Henry, M., 2013. Matthew Henry Bible Commentary www.biblehub.com/1_corinthians/6- 12.html. [Online]
- Hilton, A., 1983. Family and Kinship among the Kongo South of the Zaïre River from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries. The Journal of African History,, 24( 2), pp. 189-206.
- Ikenye, J. B. N., 2011. African Christian Counseling Method, Theory and Practice. Nairobi: Enjoy Graphic and print Systems.
- Ikenye, J. B. N., 2013. African Marriage and Family Counseling. Limuru: Zarph Charency Publishers Africa Ltd.
- Jelimo, R., 2014. Over 70 girls in Nandi County graduate from special training. [Online] at: https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000143929/over-70-girls-in-nandi-county-graduate- from-special-training.
- Jones, T. W., 2011. The Missionaries' Position: Polygamy and Divorce in the Anglican Communion, 1888–1988. Journal of Religious History, 35(3), pp. 393-408.
- Kattau et al, 2009. Wagadu Volume 6 Journal of International Women Studies Volume 10:1.
- Bloomington: Xlibris Publishing Corporation.
- Kemboi, C. E., 2013. Nandi Customary Marriage [Interview] (20 12 2013).
- King, N. Q., 1999. Review of, African Christianity: Its Public Role by Paul Gifford. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, pp. 606-607.
- Langley, M., 1979. The Nandi of Kenya: Life Crisis RItuals in a Period of Change. London: C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.
- Macheso, W. P., 2017. The problem with the traveler‟s gaze: Images of the Dark Continent in Paul Theroux‟s The Lower River. Journal of Humanities.
- Mbiti, J. S., 1990. African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heineman.
- Mokhoathi, J., 2017. From Contextual Theology to African Christianity: The Consideration of Adiaphora from a South African Perspective. Religion, 266(8), pp. 1-14.
- Oboler, R. S., 1980. IS the Female Husband a Man? Woman/Woman Marriage among the Nandi of Kenya. Ethnology, 19(1), pp. 68-88.
- Oboler, R. S., 1985. Women, Power, and Economic Change: The Nandi of Kenya. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Oduyoye, M. A., 1995. Christianity and African Culture. International Review of Mission.
- Ojua et al, 2014. Exploring the Neglect of African Family Value Systems and its Effects on Sustainable Development. American Journal of Human Ecology, pp. 43-50.
- Okeke & Ibenwa, 2017. Conflicts Between African Traditional Religion and Christianity in Eastern Nigeria: The Igbo Example. Sage Open Journal, p. 1–10.
- Oladipo, C. O., 2016. African Christianity: Its scope in a global context. Sage Journals.
- Paul, P. J., 1981. Encyclical Letter of Pope John Paul II Familiaris Consortio/ The Family in the Modern World., Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
- Pope-John-Paul, 2003. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
- Pope-Paul-VI, 1965. PASTORAL CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH IN THE MODERN
- WORLD, Vatican: The Vatican Synod.
- Simuli, D. W., 2017. Transformation of Female Circumcision among the Kipsigis of Bomet County: Kenya:1945-2014, Nairobi: Kenyatta University.
- Taiwo, O., 2010:109. How Colonialism Preempted Modernity in Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Tanui, P. J., 2015. A Gender Analysis of the Influence of Colonial Policies on Access to Land and Agricultural Technology among the Nandi in Kenya, 1895-1954. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Volume 5, p. 9.
- Torre, J. M. d., 1930. “The Church Speaks on Marriage and Celibacy” Pope Pius XI Encyclical Letter Casti Connubii of December 31, On Christian Marriage. Manila: Sinag-Tala Publishers, Inc.
- Trujillo & Hellín, 2000:40. Family, Marriage and “De Facto” Unions , Vatican City, July 26: Pontifical Council for the Family.
- Wangila, M. N., 2015. Female Circumcision: The Interplay of Religion, Culture, and Gender in Kenya (Women from the margins). New York: Orbis.