Linguistic Equity for Sustainable Development: A Critical Analysis of Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Language Policy and Sustainable Development Goals in Kenya

Abstract

This paper employs a qualitative documentary research methodology to conduct a critical analysis of the intersection between language policy, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Kenya. It argues that the systematic marginalization of persons with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN) arises from a profound policy-practice dissonance embedded within Kenya’s development architecture. Using a systematic review and critical discourse analysis of national policy documents (2010–2024), international frameworks, and academic and grey literature, the study identifies a recurring pattern of omission, implicit bias, and strategic ambiguity surrounding issues of communication accessibility. The findings indicate that, while Kenya’s 2010 Constitution and its international obligations—including the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—provide a strong normative framework for inclusion, sector-specific policies in education, disability, and health do not explicitly mandate, finance, or operationalize AAC provision. This persistent policy silence has produced an unfunded mandate, resulting in fragmented service delivery, limited professional capacity, and minimal institutional coordination across government sectors. Consequently, Kenya’s SDG localization strategies, particularly for Goal 4 (Quality Education), Goal 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and Goal 16 (Peaceful and Inclusive Societies), remain linguistically exclusive and ill-equipped to address the communication rights of persons with SLCN. This exclusion not only reinforces inequality but also undermines the national commitment to “leave no one behind.” The paper concludes that linguistic and communication equity must be recognized as a core pillar of sustainable development. It recommends urgent policy reform, the development of communication-inclusive SDG indicators, dedicated budgetary allocations, and the formulation of a cross-sectoral national AAC strategy to ensure that every Kenyan can participate meaningfully in social, educational, and civic life.